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CIPS L6M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Understand and apply tools and techniques to address the challenges of global supply chains: This section targets Supply Chain Analysts and covers methods for analyzing global supply chains, such as STEEPLED analysis, benchmarking, and performance metrics. It also evaluates regulatory influences, including import export controls, tariffs, and employment regulations like equality, health, and safety. A critical skill assessed is applying STEEPLED analysis to supply chain challenges.
Topic 2	Understand financial aspects that affect procurement and supply: This section measures the skills of Financial Analysts in assessing how costs, funding, and economic objectives impact supply chains. It includes managing currency volatility through exchange rate instruments like forwards or derivatives and addressing commodity price fluctuations using futures or hedging. A critical skill assessed is managing financial risks in global supply chains effectively.
Topic 3	Understand and apply the concept of commercial global strategy in organizations: This section measures the skills of Global Strategy Analysts and focuses on evaluating the characteristics of strategic decisions in organizations. It includes understanding strategic versus operational management, strategic choices, and the vocabulary of strategy. A key skill measured is effectively differentiating between strategic and operational management.
Topic 4	Understand strategy formulation and implementation: This section evaluates the skills of Strategic Planners in understanding how corporate and business strategies impact supply chains. It covers strategic directions, diversification, portfolio matrices, and methods for pursuing strategies like mergers or alliances. It also examines aligning supply chains with organizational structures and managing resources like people, technology, and finance. A key skill measured is implementing strategies under uncertain conditions.

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CIPS Global Commercial Strategy Sample Questions (Q39-Q44):

NEW QUESTION # 39
SIMULATION
XYZ is a toilet paper manufacturer based in the UK. It has 2 large factories employing over 500 staff and a complex supply chain sourcing paper from different forests around the world. XYZ is making some strategic changes to the way it operates including changes to staffing structure and introducing more automation. Discuss 4 causes of resistance to change that staff at XYZ may experience and examine how the CEO of XYZ can successfully manage this resistance to change

Answer:

Explanation:
Causes of Resistance to Change & Strategies to Manage It - XYZ Case Study When XYZ, a UK-based toilet paper manufacturer, implements strategic changes such as staff restructuring and automation, employees may resist change due to uncertainty, fear, and disruption to their work environment. Below are four key causes of resistance and how the CEO can manage them effectively.
Causes of Resistance to Change
1. Fear of Job Loss
Cause: Employees may fear that automation will replace their jobs, leading to layoffs. Factory workers and administrative staff may feel particularly vulnerable.
Example: If machines take over manual processes like paper cutting and packaging, employees may see this as a direct threat to their roles.
2. Lack of Communication and Transparency
Cause: When management fails to communicate the reasons for change, employees may speculate and assume the worst. Unclear messages lead to distrust.
Example: If XYZ's CEO announces restructuring without explaining why and how jobs will be affected, employees may feel insecure and disengaged.
3. Loss of Skills and Status
Cause: Some employees, especially long-serving workers, may feel their skills are becoming obsolete due to automation. Managers may resist change if they fear losing power in a new structure.
Example: A production line supervisor may oppose automation because it reduces the need for human oversight, making their role seem redundant.
4. Organizational Culture and Habit
Cause: Employees are accustomed to specific ways of working, and sudden changes disrupt routine. Resistance occurs when changes challenge existing work culture.
Example: XYZ's employees may have always used manual processes, and shifting to AI-driven production feels unfamiliar and uncomfortable.
How the CEO Can Manage Resistance to Change
1. Effective Communication Strategy
✅ What to do?
Clearly explain why the changes are necessary (e.g., cost efficiency, competitiveness).
Use town hall meetings, emails, and team discussions to provide updates.
Address employee concerns directly to reduce uncertainty.
Example: The CEO can send monthly updates on automation, ensuring transparency and reducing fear.
2. Employee Involvement and Engagement
✅ What to do?
Involve staff in decision-making to give them a sense of control.
Create cross-functional teams to gather employee input.
Provide opportunities for feedback and discussion.
Example: XYZ can form a worker's advisory panel to gather employee concerns and address them proactively.
3. Training and Upskilling Programs
✅ What to do?
Offer training programs to help employees adapt to new technologies.
Provide reskilling opportunities for employees whose jobs are affected.
Reassure staff that automation will create new roles, not just eliminate jobs.
Example: XYZ can introduce digital skills training for workers transitioning from manual processes to automated systems.
4. Change Champions & Support Systems
✅ What to do?
Appoint change champions (influential employees) to advocate for change.
Offer emotional and psychological support (e.g., HR consultations, career guidance).
Recognize and reward employees who embrace change.
Example: XYZ can offer bonuses or promotions to employees who successfully transition into new roles.
Conclusion
Resistance to change is natural, but the CEO of XYZ can minimize resistance through clear communication, employee involvement, training, and structured support. By managing resistance effectively, XYZ can ensure a smooth transition while maintaining employee morale and operational efficiency.

NEW QUESTION # 40
SIMULATION
XYZ is a large technology organisation which has used an aggressive growth strategy to become the market leader. It frequently buys out smaller firms to add to its increasing portfolio of businesses. How could XYZ use the Kachru Parenting Matrix to assist in decision making regarding future investments?

Answer:

Explanation:
Using the Kachru Parenting Matrix for XYZ's Investment Decisions
Introduction
The Kachru Parenting Matrix is a strategic decision-making tool that helps businesses evaluate how well a parent company can add value to its subsidiaries. For XYZ, a large technology firm that follows an aggressive acquisition strategy, the Kachru Parenting Matrix can guide investment decisions by assessing the synergy between the parent company (XYZ) and its acquired businesses.
By using this matrix, XYZ can determine which acquisitions will benefit from its expertise, resources, and management style, ensuring maximum strategic alignment and value creation.
1. Explanation of the Kachru Parenting Matrix
The Kachru Parenting Matrix evaluates business units based on:
Business Unit Fit - How well the subsidiary aligns with the parent company's core capabilities and expertise.
Parenting Advantage - The ability of the parent company to add value to the subsidiary through strategic oversight, resources, and expertise.
It categorizes business units into four quadrants, influencing investment decisions:
| Parenting Advantage →

2. How XYZ Can Use the Kachru Parenting Matrix for Investment Decisions
1. Identifying Core Growth Areas - Heartland Businesses (Invest & Grow) These businesses strongly align with XYZ's expertise and benefit from its technology, resources, and leadership.
XYZ should prioritize investment, innovation, and expansion in these areas.
Example: If XYZ specializes in AI and cloud computing, acquiring smaller AI startups would fall into the Heartland category, ensuring seamless integration and value creation.
✅ Strategic Action: Invest in R&D, talent acquisition, and global expansion for these subsidiaries.
2. Maintaining Complementary Businesses - Ballast Businesses ⚓ (Maintain or Divest if Needed) These businesses are profitable but do not directly fit XYZ's core strategy.
XYZ can keep them for financial stability or sell them if they drain management resources.
Example: If XYZ acquires a hardware company but primarily operates in software, the hardware unit may not fully align with its expertise.
✅ Strategic Action: Maintain for profitability or sell if it becomes a burden.
3. Avoiding Value Draining Investments - Value Trap Businesses (Reevaluate or Divest) These businesses seem promising but struggle under XYZ's management approach.
They may require too much intervention, reducing overall profitability.
Example: If XYZ buys a social media company but lacks the right expertise to monetize it effectively, it becomes a value trap.
✅ Strategic Action: Reevaluate if restructuring is possible; otherwise, sell to avoid financial losses.
4. Exiting Poorly Aligned Businesses - Alien Territory (Divest Immediately) These businesses do not align at all with XYZ's strategy or expertise.
Keeping them leads to resource misallocation and inefficiencies.
Example: If XYZ acquires a retail clothing company, it would be in Alien Territory, as it does not fit within the technology industry.
✅ Strategic Action: Divest or spin off these businesses to focus on core competencies.
3. Strategic Benefits of Using the Kachru Parenting Matrix
✅ Improves Investment Focus - Helps XYZ identify the most valuable acquisitions.
✅ Enhances Synergy & Value Creation - Ensures subsidiaries benefit from XYZ's resources and leadership.
✅ Prevents Poor Acquisitions - Avoids wasting capital on unrelated businesses.
✅ Optimizes Portfolio Management - Balances high-growth and stable revenue businesses.
4. Conclusion
The Kachru Parenting Matrix is a critical tool for XYZ to assess future acquisitions, ensuring that each business unit contributes to long-term profitability and strategic alignment.
✅ Heartland businesses should receive maximum investment.
✅ Ballast businesses can be maintained for financial stability.
✅ Value Trap businesses should be reevaluated or restructured.
✅ Alien Territory businesses must be divested to avoid inefficiencies.
By using this framework, XYZ can ensure smarter, more strategic acquisitions, maintaining its market leadership while avoiding financial risks.

NEW QUESTION # 41
SIMULATION
Explain 5 reasons why exchange rates can be volatile
Five Reasons Why Exchange Rates Can Be Volatile
Introduction
Exchange rates are constantly fluctuating due to economic, political, and market forces. Volatility in exchange rates affects global trade, procurement costs, and business profitability. Companies engaged in international supply chains or global expansion must understand the factors that drive currency fluctuations to manage risks effectively.
This answer explores five key reasons why exchange rates experience volatility.
1. Interest Rate Differentials (Monetary Policy Impact)
Explanation:
Central banks set interest rates to control inflation and economic growth. Countries with higher interest rates attract foreign investment, increasing demand for their currency.
✅ How It Causes Volatility?
Rising interest rates → Attracts foreign investors → Currency appreciates Falling interest rates → Reduces investment appeal → Currency depreciates Example: When the US Federal Reserve raises interest rates, the US dollar strengthens as investors move capital to USD-based assets.
Key Takeaway: Exchange rates fluctuate as investors adjust capital flows based on interest rate expectations.
2. Inflation Rates (Purchasing Power Impact)
Explanation:
Inflation reduces the value of money, leading to lower purchasing power. Countries with high inflation tend to see their currency weaken, while those with low inflation maintain a stronger currency.
✅ How It Causes Volatility?
High inflation → Reduces confidence in currency → Depreciation
Low inflation → Increases currency stability → Appreciation
Example: The Turkish Lira has depreciated significantly due to high inflation rates, making imports expensive.
Key Takeaway: Inflation affects the real value of money, influencing exchange rate stability.
3. Speculation and Market Sentiment (Investor Behavior Impact)
Explanation:
Foreign exchange markets (Forex) are driven by investor speculation. Traders buy and sell currencies based on market trends, geopolitical risks, and economic forecasts.
✅ How It Causes Volatility?
If investors expect a currency to strengthen, they buy more → Increases demand and value If investors lose confidence, they sell off holdings → Causes depreciation Example: In 2016, after the Brexit referendum, speculation about the UK economy caused the British pound (GBP) to drop sharply.
Key Takeaway: Investor behavior and speculation create short-term exchange rate volatility.
4. Political Instability & Economic Uncertainty (Government Policies & Geopolitics) Explanation:
Political uncertainty and economic instability weaken investor confidence, leading to capital flight from riskier currencies. Countries with stable governments and strong economies maintain more stable exchange rates.
✅ How It Causes Volatility?
Political crises, elections, or policy changes → Uncertainty → Currency depreciation Stable governance and economic reforms → Confidence → Currency appreciation Example:
Argentina's peso lost value due to economic instability and high debt.
Switzerland's Swiss Franc (CHF) remains strong due to political stability and its reputation as a "safe-haven" currency.
Key Takeaway: Political and economic uncertainty increase exchange rate volatility by influencing investor confidence.
5. Trade Balances & Current Account Deficits ???? (Export-Import Impact)
Explanation:
The balance of trade (exports vs. imports) impacts currency demand. Countries that export more than they import experience higher demand for their currency, leading to appreciation. Conversely, nations with large trade deficits see their currencies depreciate.
✅ How It Causes Volatility
Trade surplus (more exports) → Demand for local currency rises → Appreciation Trade deficit (more imports) → Increased need for foreign currency → Depreciation Example:
China's trade surplus strengthens the Chinese Yuan (CNY).
The US dollar fluctuates based on its import-export trade balance.
Key Takeaway: Exchange rates shift as global trade patterns change, affecting currency demand.
Conclusion
Exchange rate volatility is driven by economic, financial, and political factors:
1️⃣ Interest Rates - Higher rates attract investment, strengthening currency.
2️⃣ Inflation Rates - High inflation erodes value, weakening currency.
3️⃣ Speculation & Market Sentiment - Investor behavior influences short-term fluctuations.
4️⃣ Political & Economic Uncertainty - Instability causes capital flight and depreciation.
5️⃣ Trade Balances & Deficits - Export-driven economies see appreciation, while import-heavy nations experience depreciation.
Understanding these drivers helps businesses manage currency risks when engaging in global procurement, contracts, and financial planning.

Answer:

Explanation:
Use of Forward and Futures Contracts in the Commodities Market
Introduction
The commodities market involves the trading of physical goods such as oil, gold, agricultural products, and metals. Due to price volatility, businesses and investors use derivative contracts like forward and futures contracts to manage price risk and ensure stability in supply chains.
Both contracts allow buyers and sellers to agree on a fixed price for a future date, but they differ in terms of standardization, trading methods, and risk exposure.
1. Forward Contracts (Private, Custom Agreements)
Definition
A forward contract is a customized agreement between two parties to buy or sell a commodity at a specified price on a future date. It is a private, over-the-counter (OTC) contract, meaning it is not traded on an exchange.
✅ Key Characteristics:
Customizable terms (quantity, delivery date, price).
Direct agreement between buyer and seller.
Used for hedging against price fluctuations.
Example: A coffee producer agrees to sell 10,000kg of coffee to a distributor in 6 months at a fixed price of $5 per kg, protecting both parties from price swings.
Advantages of Forward Contracts
✔ Tailored to buyer/seller needs - Customizable quantity, quality, and delivery terms.
✔ Reduces price uncertainty - Locks in a price, protecting against market fluctuations.
✔ No upfront cost - No initial margin or collateral required.
Disadvantages of Forward Contracts
❌ High counterparty risk - If one party defaults, the other may face financial losses.
❌ Not regulated or publicly traded - Higher risk of contract disputes.
❌ Limited liquidity - Harder to transfer or sell compared to futures contracts.
Best for: Companies looking for customized price protection in procurement or sales (e.g., food manufacturers, oil refineries).
2. Futures Contracts (Standardized, Exchange-Traded Agreements)
Definition
A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a commodity at a predetermined price on a future date. These contracts are traded on organized exchanges (e.g., Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), London Metal Exchange (LME)).
✅ Key Characteristics:
Highly regulated and standardized (fixed contract sizes and terms).
Exchange-traded → Increased liquidity and price transparency.
Requires initial margin and daily settlements (mark-to-market system).
Example: A wheat farmer uses futures contracts on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) to lock in wheat prices before harvest, avoiding potential price drops.
Advantages of Futures Contracts
✔ Lower counterparty risk - Exchanges guarantee contract settlement.
✔ High liquidity - Easily bought or sold on futures markets.
✔ Price transparency - Publicly available pricing and standardized contracts.
Disadvantages of Futures Contracts
❌ Less flexibility - Fixed contract sizes and expiration dates.
❌ Margin requirements - Traders must maintain a margin account, requiring cash reserves.
❌ Potential for speculative losses - Prices fluctuate daily, leading to possible margin calls.
Best for: Large-scale buyers/sellers, investors, and companies needing risk management in commodity markets.
3. Key Differences Between Forward and Futures Contracts

Key Takeaway: Forwards offer flexibility but higher risk, while futures provide standardization and liquidity.
4. Application of Forward and Futures Contracts in the Commodities Market Forwards Used By:
✅ Food manufacturers - Locking in wheat, sugar, or coffee prices for future production.
✅ Oil refineries - Securing crude oil prices to manage fuel costs.
✅ Mining companies - Pre-agreeing on metal prices to secure revenue streams.
Futures Used By:
✅ Airlines - Hedging against fluctuating fuel prices.
✅ Investors - Speculating on gold, oil, or agricultural prices for profit.
✅ Governments - Stabilizing national food or energy reserves.
5. Conclusion
Both forward and futures contracts are essential tools in the commodities market for price risk management.
✅ Forward contracts are customizable but riskier, making them suitable for businesses with specific procurement needs.
✅ Futures contracts offer liquidity and reduced counterparty risk, making them ideal for investors and large corporations managing price volatility.
Organizations must choose the right contract based on their risk tolerance, market exposure, and financial objectives.

NEW QUESTION # 42
SIMULATION
Explain the use of forward and future contracts in the commodities market

Answer:

NEW QUESTION # 43
SIMULATION
Discuss how XYZ, a global beverage manufacturing organisation, could use the Boston Consultancy Group Framework to impact upon strategic decision making Introduction The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a strategic tool used by organizations to analyze their product portfolio and allocate resources effectively. It classifies products into four categories-Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, and Dogs-based on market growth rate and market share.
As a global beverage manufacturing organization, XYZ can use the BCG Matrix to evaluate its product range, identify growth opportunities, and make informed strategic decisions.
1. Explanation of the BCG Matrix
The BCG Matrix is divided into four quadrants:

Example for XYZ:
Star: A fast-growing energy drink brand in emerging markets.
Cash Cow: A flagship cola product with stable market demand.
Question Mark: A new functional health drink with uncertain market acceptance.
Dog: An underperforming diet soda variant with declining sales.
2. How XYZ Can Use the BCG Matrix for Strategic Decision-Making
XYZ can use the BCG Matrix to make resource allocation and investment decisions based on product performance.

3. Advantages of Using the BCG Matrix for XYZ
✅ Resource Allocation - Helps prioritize investment in high-growth products.
✅ Strategic Focus - Identifies which products to grow, maintain, or phase out.
✅ Market Adaptation - Helps XYZ adjust its beverage portfolio based on changing consumer trends.
Example: If XYZ's energy drink (a Star) is experiencing high growth, more marketing and production investment may be justified.
4. Limitations of the BCG Matrix
❌ Ignores Market Competition - A product may have a high market share, but competition could still impact profitability.
❌ Simplistic Assumptions - Not all products neatly fit into one category; market dynamics are complex.
❌ Focuses on Growth and Share Only - It does not consider external factors like profit margins, customer loyalty, or brand strength.
Example: A Question Mark product might have potential, but if consumer preferences shift, it may never become a Star.
5. Application of the BCG Matrix in the Beverage Industry
XYZ can apply the BCG Matrix by reviewing its entire product portfolio across different geographic markets.

Conclusion
The BCG Matrix is a valuable strategic tool for XYZ to analyze its product portfolio, prioritize investments, and make informed market-based decisions. However, it should be used alongside other strategic models (e.g., PESTLE, VRIO) to ensure a comprehensive business strategy.

Answer:

Explanation:
Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix and Strategic Decision-Making for XYZ

NEW QUESTION # 44
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CIPS L6M2 LATEST EXAM TEST | NEW BRAINDUMPS L6M2 BOOK

CIPS L6M2 Latest Exam Test | New Braindumps L6M2 Book